Type of dressing

Optimum environment for wound healing

• Moist


• Free from infection, with minimal slough


• Free of chemicals and foreign bodies


• Optimum temperature


• Minimal number of dressing changes


• Correct pH

1. Different dressings are appropriate for different stages of the wound healing


2. Good wound management necessitates flexible approach to election and use of dressings

Requirements from a dressing
Wound

• Protection from infection and trauma


• Debrides, both mechanically and chemically


• Absorbent and removes excess exudate, whilst keeping wound moist


• Maintains temperature and gaseous exchange

Patient

1. Comfortable and cosmetically acceptable


2. Stimulates healing

Healthcare provider

1. Inexpensive


2. Easy to change

Type of mesh repair for incisional hernia

There are 3 types of mesh repair, inlay, onlay and sublay.
All have different advantages and disadvantages.
There is a bit too long to elaborate.
See later whether I can get the mind map online

Macrophage mechanism

Cellular illustration how macrophage in action

Acute inflammation

Acute inflammation has 2 stages
First is vascular stage, with initial vasoconstriction, then subsequent vasodilatation.
Capillary becomes leaky, where fluid accumulated at interstitial space causing edema

Second stage is cellular stage, which involved all the inflammatory mediators and phagocytosis of antigen. With formation of APC and manifestation of cardinal signs of inflammation

management of benign breast condition

the basic is still triple assessment

crucial point is when to do operation

it is just a guide, detail still need to refer to local center protocol

carcinoma of unknown origin

recently there are few cases of these

pt presented with metastatic CA, but unknown of primary

CT scan and biopsy are needed

then will be a challenge for pathologist to interprete this

breast anatomy

in breast posting under prof yip

her first question is always be: tell me the anatomy of breast

then 2nd question is: what is triple assessment